TURKISH GRAMMAR
By Fauji Imamul Arifin
1. Adjective and noun
The function of Adjective in Turkish, including:
The adjective as an attributive
it means that the adjective precedes noun.
For examples:
Iyi kitap → Good book
Bu genç kız iyi → This young girl is good
The adjective as a predicate
It means that the adjective is used after noun .
For examples:
Bu kız genc → This girl is young
Bu kötü → This is bad
The adjective as a substantive
Bu genç iyi → This youngster is pretty
like a word, when it is indicated as an adjective, we may not add suffixes. When it is indicated as a substantive, we may add suffixes.
2. Agglutination
We have to know that Turkish is categorized as a language which is agglutinative because with adding suffixes in a word is for yielding a new meaning. Turkish is an agglutinative language so that many suffixes in Turkish that can be inserted by us in a word. There is no prefixes in Turkish.
3. Vowel harmony
There are eight vowels in Turkish. They are divided into two groups/classes:
(1) The vowels which are yielded toward the front of the mouth part
(2) The vowels which are yielded toward the back. The classes are named as “front and back vowels”.
FRONT VOWELS BACK VOWELS
e a
i ı
ö o
ü u
Note: In originally word of Turkish, the vowels "ö" and "o" are only in the first syllable of a word but they don’t exist also in suffixes.
Originally word of Turkish has vowels which are in the same class, including front or back vowels. The phenomenon is named as vowel harmony. When we add a suffix to a word, the final vowel position of the word is something that determines the system of the vowel class (front vowel or back vowel) in the suffix. The final vowel is named as dominant vowel.
5. The plural
Kelime → (the) word
kelimeler→ (the) words
evler → (the) houses
filler → (the) elephants
dil → (the) language
diller → (the) languages
ay → (the) month
aylar → (the) months
kalem → (the) pen
kalemler → (the) pens
ayak → (the) foot
ayağlar → (the) feet
kitap → (the) book
kitablar → (the) books
baş → (the) head
başlar → (the) heads
öğretmen → (the) teacher
öğretmenler → (the) teachers
nehir → (the) river
nehirler → (the) rivers
how to make the plural form in Turkish?. We can make plural form with adding a suffix -ler to a noun after a front vowel (e, i, ö,ü) and add -lar after a back vowel (a, ı, o, u). Therefore the system of vowel harmony is very important in making plural noun.
Thanks for reading.
By Fauji Imamul Arifin
1. Adjective and noun
The function of Adjective in Turkish, including:
The adjective as an attributive
it means that the adjective precedes noun.
For examples:
Iyi kitap → Good book
Bu genç kız iyi → This young girl is good
The adjective as a predicate
It means that the adjective is used after noun .
For examples:
Bu kız genc → This girl is young
Bu kötü → This is bad
The adjective as a substantive
Bu genç iyi → This youngster is pretty
like a word, when it is indicated as an adjective, we may not add suffixes. When it is indicated as a substantive, we may add suffixes.
2. Agglutination
We have to know that Turkish is categorized as a language which is agglutinative because with adding suffixes in a word is for yielding a new meaning. Turkish is an agglutinative language so that many suffixes in Turkish that can be inserted by us in a word. There is no prefixes in Turkish.
3. Vowel harmony
There are eight vowels in Turkish. They are divided into two groups/classes:
(1) The vowels which are yielded toward the front of the mouth part
(2) The vowels which are yielded toward the back. The classes are named as “front and back vowels”.
FRONT VOWELS BACK VOWELS
e a
i ı
ö o
ü u
Note: In originally word of Turkish, the vowels "ö" and "o" are only in the first syllable of a word but they don’t exist also in suffixes.
Originally word of Turkish has vowels which are in the same class, including front or back vowels. The phenomenon is named as vowel harmony. When we add a suffix to a word, the final vowel position of the word is something that determines the system of the vowel class (front vowel or back vowel) in the suffix. The final vowel is named as dominant vowel.
5. The plural
Kelime → (the) word
kelimeler→ (the) words
evler → (the) houses
filler → (the) elephants
dil → (the) language
diller → (the) languages
ay → (the) month
aylar → (the) months
kalem → (the) pen
kalemler → (the) pens
ayak → (the) foot
ayağlar → (the) feet
kitap → (the) book
kitablar → (the) books
baş → (the) head
başlar → (the) heads
öğretmen → (the) teacher
öğretmenler → (the) teachers
nehir → (the) river
nehirler → (the) rivers
how to make the plural form in Turkish?. We can make plural form with adding a suffix -ler to a noun after a front vowel (e, i, ö,ü) and add -lar after a back vowel (a, ı, o, u). Therefore the system of vowel harmony is very important in making plural noun.
Thanks for reading.
Tessekur ederim arkadasim
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